It can kind of vary. I know I'd looked into it before from the 'Mech perspective, with the absolute minimum being at least 1 point per section...& based on the minimum tonnage allotments, basically it ended being 1 ton of armor (16 points). The effective minimum, however, I decided, was based off the comparison of that "1 ton minimum" to the maximum tonnage on a 20-ton mech (4.5 tons absolute, 4 tons with no wasted armor pips), & came up with a basic rule I follow of "25% of maximum armor, rounded up to the nearest half-ton".
For a vehicle, there is no maximum tonnage, but it's probably safe to say that if you're using a lot more armor tonnage than an equivalent 'Mech, you're probably using too much armor protection, since CV can suffer essentially critical hits (i.e. motive hits) before they start taking internal structure damage, at a much higher chance than 'Mechs.
So the question becomes what the role of your vehicle is. Let's face it: APCs & Heavy APCs (the CBT versions) are not meant to really face off against other CV or 'Mechs. They're meant to get the infantry platoons onto the battlefield, & provide some additional anti-infantry firepower (MGs being lethal against infantry platoons), but that's about it. So if it's meant to be just a "battlefield taxi", you're probably safe on the lower side. I'd suggest at least 0.5 tons (8 points), as that lets you have 3 Front/2 Sides/1 Rear (minimum coverage), or 2 Front & Sides/1 Rear/1 Turret. One ton gets you to 5/4/3 or 4/3/3/3, 2 tons gets you to 10/9/4 or 8/7/3/7.
For vehicles that are actually designed to counter other vehicles, I'd say the absolute minimum is going to be the Savannah Master profile: 1.5 tons to get 10/6/2, or 2 tons to get 10/6/4/6. Beyond that, I would recommend a minimum of 15% of the overall tonnage be devoted to armor, with a maximum of 25-30% of overall tonnage. Too little, & you have a "tinclad" "glass cannon". Too much, & you're either a slowly moving foxhole or have very few weapons.