One thing to my mind that's being missed in all this is that you're not going to be mounting your laser on the tip of the mast. At best, it'll be an aiming mirror. That's sensible - you only expose a replacable component, and bury the actual lasing mechanism safely in the hull, and keep the bit that needs to move as small as possible (eg. easier to aim and stabilise). This has its own challenges - maintaining an optically clean surface (dirt on the mirror absorbs laser light, causing a small explosion), and probably cooling.
Question to sailors - I assume modern warships have optical sensors mounted around the place exposed to the weather. How often did they need to be cleaned, and did such lenses close to the waterline need more or less cleaning than sensors mounted on the mast? Feel free to answer in generalities if I'm touching on Top Sekrit stuff :)
W.