Naval weapons DO have hex ranges. And they should be used. Not all naval weapons should be made equal.
Naval weapons have individual ranges only when individual weapons fire rules are brought into play. The standard rules have range brackets. Under the standard rules, the NL/45, NL/55, Medium Naval PPC and Heavy Naval PPC are already extreme-range weapons, reaching the maximum range permitted under the the standard rules for the game: 60 hexes.
Creating "extended range" versions of capital lasers would, perhaps, extend the ranges out to, what, 60 hexes (keeping in mind that the absolute maximum range for any capital weapon under these rules is the 56-hex light naval gauss rifle)? And when using standard ranges....there's absolutely no benefit. To extend range beyond 60 hexes would require a major rules revision, and a fifth range catagory which would, then, open up another can of worms: why isn't the "uber-extended range" catagory available for standard scale weapons used on fighters or BattleMechs?
Further, I suspect that creating more advanced capital weapons is
hard. Case in point: the Clans have managed to exceed the Star League's biggest vessel (the non-combat
Newgrange class) with their
Leviathan class heavy battleship. They've made moderate advances in hull protection. They're still using, essentially, the same capital weapons the Terran Hegemony developed, often as early as the beginning of the 24th Century. Given how intently the Terran Hegemony sought to ensure they had better WarShips than the Houses (the
Texas and
McKenna are both parts of this arms race, as were the M-5
Caspars), I'd have assumed that they too tried their hand at more advanced capital weapons...and failed.
As for anti-strikecraft, all naval ships need are either better turreting so that the large weapons can actually hit them, or naval sized (100 tons+) anti-fighter weapons because LBX10s on a warship is idiotic.
Anti-small craft weapons are already in place under standard rules: naval lasers and capital missiles. Once you add subcapital missiles and lasers to the mix, you have even more options. None of these require "idiotic" LB-10Xs.